Kamis, 28 Agustus 2014

Klasifikasi Jasa




Dalam  Pasal 4 UU Perdagangan (UU No. 7 tahun 2014) disebutkan beberapa jasa yang masuk dalam lingkup pengaturan dari Perdagangan. Jasa-jasa dimaksud adalah:

(2) Selain lingkup pengaturan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), juga diatur Jasa yang dapat diperdagangkan meliputi:
a.Jasa bisnis;
b.Jasa distribusi;
c.Jasa komunikasi;
d.Jasa pendidikan;
e.Jasa lingkungan hidup;
f.Jasa keuangan;
g.Jasa konstruksi dan teknik terkait;
h.Jasa kesehatan dan sosial;
i. Jasa rekreasi, kebudayaan, dan olahraga;
j.Jasa pariwisata;
k Jasa transportasi; dan
l.Jasa lainnya.
(3) Jasa dapat diperdagangkan baik di dalam negeri maupun melampaui batas wilayah negara.

Dari dartar tersebut, jasa hukum, misalnya,  tidak terdaftar. Lalu apakah jasa hukum luput dari perdagangan yang dicakup dalam UU Perdagangan?
 Baik batang tubuh maupun Penjelasan Undang-undang tersebut tidak menyabutkan keterangan mengenai asal-usul pembagian jasa menjadi 12 sektor jasa. Pembagian menjadi 12 sektor jasa ini tampak berasal dari Documentberjudul The Services Sectoral Classification List ( MTN.GNS/W/120)  yang dibuat pada bulan juli tahun 1991 oleh Sekretariat GATT untuk keperluan perundingan Putaran Uruguay sebelum terbentuknya Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia (WTO)untuk memastikan konsistensi dan perbandingan komitmen-komitmen yang diberikan oleh Para anggotanya.
Dalam sektor Jasa Bisnis terdapat banyak subsektor sebagai elaborasi dari sektor jasa bisnis. Bagi yang tertarik dengan untuk melihat pada sektor atau sub sektor mana pemberian jasanya berada, dipersilahkan membaca dokumen MTN.GNS/W/120 tersebut. Khusus untuk jasa bisnis saya salinkan di bawah ini sub-sub sektor dari jasa bisnis.
SECTORS AND SUB-SECTORS                                                                      

1.                            BUSINESS SERVICES                                                                       

A.                            Professional Services
a.                            Legal Services                                                                                                                                                                                                                             861      
b.                            Accounting, auditing and bookeeping services                                                   862      
c.                             Taxation Services                                                                                    
d.                            Architectural services                                                                           
e.                            Engineering services                                                                              
f.                             Integrated engineering services                                                      
g.                            Urban planning and landscape                                                                                                                                                             architectural services      
h.                            Medical and dental services                                                              
i.                              Veterinary services                                                                        
j.                             Services provided by midwives, nurses, physiotherapists and para-medical personnel
k.                            Other
                                                                                                                                                      

B.                            Computer and Related Services
a.                            Consultancy services related to the installation of computer hardware                                                                                                                                                                                                           
b.                            Software implementation services                                                
c.                             Data processing services                                                                    
d.                            Data base services                                                                                 
e.                            Other                                                                                                                                    845+849

C.                            Research and Development Services
a.                            R&D services on natural sciences                                             
b.                            R&D services on social sciences and humanities                
c.                             Interdisciplinary R&D services                                                   

D.                            Real Estate Services
a.                            Involving own or leased property                                                   
b.                            On a fee or contract basis                                                            

E.                            Rental/Leasing Services without Operators
a.                            Relating to ships                                                                                     
b.                            Relating to aircraft                                                                                 
c.                             Relating to other transport equipment                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           83105      
d.                            Relating to other machinery and equipment                      
e.                            Other                                                                                                                                    832

F.                            Other Business Services
a.                            Advertising services                                                                              
b.                            Market research and public opinion polling services     
c.                             Management consulting service                                                    
d.                            Services related to man. consulting                                               
e.                            Technical testing and analysis serv.                                               
f.                             Services incidental to agriculture, hunting and forestry  
g.                            Services incidental to fishing                                                      
h.                            Services incidental to mining                                                            
i.                              Services incidental to manufacturing (except for 88442)
j.                             Services incidental to energy distribution                             
k.                            Placement and supply services of Personnel                                                                                                                                     
l.                              Investigation and security                                                                                                                                                                          
m.                           Related scientific and technical consulting services
n.                            Maintenance and repair of equipment                              
                                (not including maritime vessels, aircraft  or other transport equipment)                                                                                                               
o.                            Building-cleaning services                                                                                                                                                                          
p.                            Photographic services                                                                                                                                                                                  
q.                            Packaging services                                                                                                                                                                                         
r.                             Printing, publishing                                                                        
s.                             Convention services                                                                      
t.             Other